{"id":4302,"date":"2026-05-10T20:32:36","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T20:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/code2deploy.com\/blog\/?p=4302"},"modified":"2026-05-10T20:35:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T20:35:13","slug":"mlops-and-llmops-complete-production-architecture-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/code2deploy.com\/blog\/mlops-and-llmops-complete-production-architecture-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"MLOps and LLMOps \u2014 Complete Production Architecture Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern AI systems are no longer just about training models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, companies need:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>scalable AI infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reproducible pipelines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPU orchestration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>observability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CI\/CD automation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>model serving<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>governance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>streaming inference<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RAG systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MLOps<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LLMOps<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">become critical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although they are related, they solve different problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is MLOps?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MLOps (Machine Learning Operations) is the engineering discipline that manages the full lifecycle of traditional machine learning systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It combines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Machine Learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DevOps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Data Engineering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Platform Engineering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SRE practices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MLOps focuses on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>model training<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feature engineering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>experiment tracking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>deployment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inference<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>retraining<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical use cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>fraud detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>recommendation systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>forecasting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>computer vision<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>anomaly detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>predictive analytics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is LLMOps?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLMOps (Large Language Model Operations) is the operational layer for Generative AI and Large Language Models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It focuses on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LLM serving<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vector databases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>embeddings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RAG systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prompt management<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPU optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hallucination monitoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conversational systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical use cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AI chatbots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>copilots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>enterprise search<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>document QA systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>code assistants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>multimodal AI systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Biggest Difference<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Traditional MLOps<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Works mostly with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>structured data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>numerical features<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prediction outputs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Input:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">age=25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">salary=5000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">purchase_count=10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">fraud_probability=0.82<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LLMOps<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Works mostly with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>text<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>embeddings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prompts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conversational context<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">User asks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Explain Kubernetes autoscaling&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">System retrieves documents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 injects context<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 generates natural language response<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Complete High-Level Architecture<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The architecture below compares production-grade MLOps and LLMOps side-by-side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PART 1 \u2014 MLOps Architecture Deep Dive<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 1 \u2014 Data Sources<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where ML systems begin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>databases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>APIs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IoT devices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kafka streams<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>application logs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CSV files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>warehouses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Area<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tools<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Relational DB<\/td><td>PostgreSQL, MySQL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Streaming<\/td><td>Kafka, Pulsar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warehouses<\/td><td>BigQuery, Snowflake<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Object Storage<\/td><td>S3, MinIO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Real Example<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fraud detection system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>card transactions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>login events<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>device metadata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>location history<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All collected continuously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 2 \u2014 Data Pipelines<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Raw data is usually messy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data pipelines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>clean data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>validate schemas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>transform formats<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aggregate information<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prepare datasets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Purpose<\/td><td>Tools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Batch ETL<\/td><td>Airflow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distributed Processing<\/td><td>Spark<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Streaming<\/td><td>Flink<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SQL Transformation<\/td><td>dbt<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Real Flow<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kafka \u2192 Spark \u2192 S3 \u2192 Data Warehouse<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 3 \u2014 Feature Engineering<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most important parts of ML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feature engineering transforms raw data into ML-ready features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Raw:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">User purchased 20 items in 30 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feature:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">purchase_count_30d = 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Offline Features<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Used for training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>90-day average purchase<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monthly user activity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>historical behavior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Online Features<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Used during real-time inference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>current session duration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>last 5 minute clicks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>live cart value<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Area<\/td><td>Tools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Feature Store<\/td><td>Feast<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Online Store<\/td><td>Redis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Offline Store<\/td><td>BigQuery, S3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Streaming Features<\/td><td>Flink<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 4 \u2014 Feature Store<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feature stores solve one major problem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Training-Serving Skew<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This happens when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>training features<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>production features<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">are generated differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Feature stores provide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>reusable features<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>online\/offline consistency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>low-latency access<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>centralized feature management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Feast<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tecton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Redis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DynamoDB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 5 \u2014 Model Training<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where ML models learn from data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Training Types<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Model Type<\/td><td>Example<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Classification<\/td><td>Fraud detection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regression<\/td><td>Price prediction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forecasting<\/td><td>Demand forecasting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ranking<\/td><td>Recommendation systems<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Frameworks<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Framework<\/td><td>Usage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PyTorch<\/td><td>Deep Learning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TensorFlow<\/td><td>Enterprise ML<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>XGBoost<\/td><td>Tabular ML<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LightGBM<\/td><td>Fast boosting<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Typical Training Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">project\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u251c\u2500\u2500 train.py<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u251c\u2500\u2500 model.py<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u251c\u2500\u2500 dataset.py<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u251c\u2500\u2500 configs\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u251c\u2500\u2500 Dockerfile<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2514\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 6 \u2014 GPU \/ Compute Orchestration<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Production AI systems require large-scale compute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This layer manages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GPU scheduling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>distributed training<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>autoscaling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>resource isolation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>multi-node training<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Area<\/td><td>Tools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Container Orchestration<\/td><td>Kubernetes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ML Orchestration<\/td><td>Kubeflow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Distributed Training<\/td><td>Ray<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GPU Runtime<\/td><td>NVIDIA Operator<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Real Responsibilities<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An MLOps engineer may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>manage GPU clusters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>optimize VRAM usage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>schedule distributed jobs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monitor GPU health<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reduce training cost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 7 \u2014 Experiment Tracking<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ML experimentation generates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>metrics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>artifacts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>checkpoints<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hyperparameters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Experiment tracking helps teams:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>compare runs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reproduce results<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>register models<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>audit experiments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MLflow<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weights &amp; Biases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neptune.ai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TensorBoard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 8 \u2014 Model Evaluation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before deployment, models must be validated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Metrics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Metric<\/td><td>Purpose<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Accuracy<\/td><td>Correct predictions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Precision<\/td><td>False positive reduction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recall<\/td><td>False negative reduction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Balanced metric<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AUC<\/td><td>Classification quality<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Additional Validation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>drift detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bias detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>regression testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>performance benchmarking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 9 \u2014 Model Registry<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Production systems need controlled model lifecycle management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Registry stores:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>model versions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>metadata<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>approval stages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>deployment history<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Registries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MLflow Registry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vertex AI Registry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SageMaker Registry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 10 \u2014 Model Serving<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Serving exposes models to applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Serving Types<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Type<\/td><td>Description<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>REST API<\/td><td>HTTP prediction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>gRPC<\/td><td>High-performance APIs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Batch Serving<\/td><td>Scheduled inference<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Streaming Serving<\/td><td>Real-time scoring<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>KServe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Triton Inference Server<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seldon Core<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FastAPI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 11 \u2014 Inference Types<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Batch Inference<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runs periodically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>daily recommendation generation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>monthly scoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analytics reports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Streaming Inference<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runs in real-time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>fraud detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ad bidding<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IoT anomaly detection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 12 \u2014 Monitoring &amp; Observability<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Production ML systems require continuous monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What To Monitor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>latency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>throughput<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prediction drift<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>data drift<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>resource usage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>failures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GPU health<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prometheus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grafana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ELK Stack<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OpenTelemetry<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 13 \u2014 CI\/CD &amp; Platform Engineering<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Automation is critical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Typical Pipeline<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Git Push<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tests<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Build Docker Image<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Train Model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evaluation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deployment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Area<\/td><td>Tools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CI\/CD<\/td><td>Jenkins, GitHub Actions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GitOps<\/td><td>ArgoCD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Infra as Code<\/td><td>Terraform<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Packaging<\/td><td>Helm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PART 2 \u2014 LLMOps Architecture Deep Dive<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 1 \u2014 Knowledge Sources<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike traditional ML, LLM systems rely heavily on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PDFs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>websites<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>internal knowledge bases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chats<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>APIs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>company documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confluence pages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Git repositories<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>support tickets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manuals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 2 \u2014 Document Ingestion Pipelines<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Documents must be prepared before retrieval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pipeline tasks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>parsing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cleaning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chunking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>metadata extraction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>deduplication<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LangChain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LlamaIndex<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unstructured.io<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Airflow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 3 \u2014 Embedding Generation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Embeddings convert text into numerical vectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This enables:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>semantic search<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>similarity matching<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>retrieval systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Kubernetes autoscaling&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 vector representation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Embedding Models<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BGE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SentenceTransformers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OpenAI Embeddings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 4 \u2014 Vector Database<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vector databases store embeddings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They support:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>similarity search<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>semantic retrieval<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nearest-neighbor lookup<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Vector Databases<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Tool<\/td><td>Purpose<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Qdrant<\/td><td>Open-source vector DB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Milvus<\/td><td>Distributed vector DB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Weaviate<\/td><td>Semantic retrieval<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pinecone<\/td><td>Managed vector DB<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 5 \u2014 Foundation Models<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLMOps usually uses pretrained models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Llama<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mistral<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gemma<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DeepSeek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Customization Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Method<\/td><td>Purpose<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prompt Engineering<\/td><td>Control behavior<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>RAG<\/td><td>Add external knowledge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LoRA<\/td><td>Lightweight tuning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fine-tuning<\/td><td>Domain adaptation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 6 \u2014 GPU \/ LLM Inference Orchestration<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLMs require very heavy GPU infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This layer handles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tensor parallelism<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>KV-cache optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>multi-GPU inference<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continuous batching<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>autoscaling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vLLM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TensorRT-LLM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Triton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kubernetes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NVIDIA Operator<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 7 \u2014 Prompt &amp; Trace Observability<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM systems need observability beyond normal logs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We monitor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>prompts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>responses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>token usage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>latency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>traces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Langfuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Helicone<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OpenLLMetry<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PromptLayer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 8 \u2014 LLM Evaluation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM evaluation is much harder than traditional ML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Metrics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Metric<\/td><td>Description<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hallucination<\/td><td>False information<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Faithfulness<\/td><td>Context correctness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Toxicity<\/td><td>Unsafe output<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Relevance<\/td><td>Response quality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Latency<\/td><td>Speed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ragas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DeepEval<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promptfoo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 9 \u2014 Model &amp; Prompt Registry<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern LLM systems version:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>prompts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>model configurations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>workflows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>evaluation datasets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This enables:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>rollback<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>auditing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reproducibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 10 \u2014 LLM Serving &amp; RAG<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the core runtime layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flow<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">User Question<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vector Search<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Retrieve Context<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inject into Prompt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM Generates Response<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vLLM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ollama<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LangServe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Triton<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FastAPI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 11 \u2014 AI Agents &amp; Workflows<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern LLM systems increasingly use agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agents can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>use tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>search databases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>call APIs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perform workflows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reason across steps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Agent Frameworks<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LangGraph<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CrewAI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AutoGen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Semantic Kernel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 12 \u2014 LLM Observability &amp; Safety<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLMs introduce new risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Risks<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hallucination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prompt injection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jailbreaks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>data leakage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>toxicity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Guardrails AI<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lakera<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Langfuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prompt Security<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 13 \u2014 AI Platform Engineering<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large organizations now build centralized AI platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These platforms provide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GPU clusters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>model gateways<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inference routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>observability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cost optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>security<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>multi-model serving<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Technologies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LiteLLM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kubernetes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Istio<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ArgoCD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Terraform<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shared Foundational Layer<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both MLOps and LLMOps rely on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Area<\/td><td>Technologies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Containers<\/td><td>Docker, Podman<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orchestration<\/td><td>Kubernetes, OpenShift<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Storage<\/td><td>S3, MinIO, Ceph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring<\/td><td>Prometheus, Grafana<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GitOps<\/td><td>ArgoCD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Networking<\/td><td>Istio, API Gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Security<\/td><td>Vault, IAM, RBAC<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Real-World Career Paths<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MLOps Engineer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Focuses on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ML pipelines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>training automation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>serving systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>feature stores<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>model lifecycle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LLMOps Engineer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Focuses on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GPU inference<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vector databases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RAG systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prompt infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LLM serving<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AI Platform Engineer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combines both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Focuses on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GPU infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI platforms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kubernetes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>scalable serving<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>distributed systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>observability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cloud architecture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Final Mental Model<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MLOps<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data \u2192 Features \u2192 Training \u2192 Deployment \u2192 Prediction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LLMOps<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Documents \u2192 Embeddings \u2192 Retrieval \u2192 Prompt \u2192 Generation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Final Advice<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you already know:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kubernetes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cloud<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CI\/CD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kafka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Redis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitoring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">then you are already extremely close to becoming:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Platform MLOps Engineer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LLMOps Engineer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI Infrastructure Engineer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI Platform Architect<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The highest-value area today is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infrastructure + AI + GPU Systems + Platform Engineering<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">because very few engineers can operate production-grade AI systems at scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I created a detailed blog-style guide comparing production-grade MLOps and LLMOps architectures side-by-side, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Full 1\u201313 step breakdown<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Real-world implementation explanation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Architecture image<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technologies and tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infrastructure flow<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Training, serving, monitoring, RAG, vector DBs, GPU orchestration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CI\/CD and platform engineering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Career direction guidance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s structured to help you understand both concepts deeply from an engineering and production perspective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Modern AI systems are no longer just about training models. Today, companies need: This is where: become critical. Although they are related, they solve different problems. What is MLOps? MLOps (Machine Learning Operations) is the engineering discipline that manages the full lifecycle of traditional machine learning systems. It combines: MLOps focuses on: Typical use [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[609,806,813,840,907,838,836],"tags":[909,914,913,911,917,915,908,767,912,910,916],"class_list":["post-4302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai","category-ai-agent","category-generative-ai","category-llm-engineer","category-llmops","category-ml-engineer","category-mlops-ai","tag-ai-agents","tag-experiment-tracking","tag-feature-engineering","tag-gpu-orchestration","tag-hallucination-monitoring","tag-llm-serving","tag-llmops","tag-mlops","tag-model-training","tag-rag-systems","tag-vector-databases"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MLOps and LLMOps \u2014 Complete Production Architecture Guide - code2deploy.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/code2deploy.com\/blog\/mlops-and-llmops-complete-production-architecture-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MLOps and LLMOps \u2014 Complete Production Architecture Guide - code2deploy.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction Modern AI systems are no longer just about training models. 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